Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test – PMC

May 2, 2026

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5426219/
QT{{” When we try to compare proportions of a categorical outcome according to different independent groups, we can consider several statistical tests such as chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, or z-test. The chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test can assess for independence between two variables when the comparing groups are independent and not correlated. The chi-squared test applies an approximation assuming the sample is large, while the Fisher’s exact test runs an exact procedure especially for small-sized samples. “}}