DNA’s secret weapon against knots & tangles http://www.Nature.com/news/dna-s-secret-weapon-against-knots-and-tangles-1.21838 Quick overview of recent models of loop extrusion w/ cohesin & CTCF
Posts Tagged ‘encode’
DNA’s secret weapon against knots and tangles
May 7, 2017Shedding light on the dark proteome
April 24, 2017QT:{{”
“The dark proteome could be an evolutionary playground for trying out new folds
Ultimately one would expect particularly useful variations to get fixed at the genetic level. But it needn’t be where that variation begins. What’s more, organisms needn’t be quite so dependent for their molecular repertoire on their evolutionary heritage. O’Donoghue thinks that all organisms probably have a significant fraction of proteins unique just to them.
‘The fact that the dark matter of the proteome has less evolutionary constraint than the other bits of proteome may suggest that it’s under less selection,’ says Gerstein. ‘This is perhaps because it’s more flexible structurally, but also in a sense more flexible in terms of accommodating various amino-acid changes compared to the structurally inflexible and fixed parts of the crystallised proteome.’ This adds momentum to the picture of genomics as a rather more fluid affair than is suggested by the old picture of identical proteins being
mass-produced from a fixed genetic template.
Gerstein feels that studying the dark proteome opens up a host of interesting questions. For example, although known bacteria have a smaller dark proteome than eukaryotes, there’s a huge ‘dark
microbiome’ of unculturable bacteria. Might that be more full of dark proteins – perhaps useful ones?
And what about us? ‘How does the human dark proteome compare to that of eukaryotes as a whole?’ Gerstein wonders. How well, really, do we know ourselves?”
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Shedding light on the dark proteome
BY PHILIP BALL13 FEBRUARY 2017
https://www.chemistryworld.com/feature/shedding-light-on-the-dark-proteome/2500392.article
The International Human Epigenome Consortium: A Blueprint for Scientific Collaboration and Discovery. – PubMed – NCBI
April 16, 2017#IHEC: A Blueprint for…Collab. & Discovery
http://www.Cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(16)31528-8?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867416315288%3Fshowall%3Dtrue Summary bullets on heterogeneity, disease, rel. to SNPs, comp. tools
whole genome assembly from Hi-C data
April 2, 2017De novo assembly of the A aegypti genome using #HiC, by @erezaterez et al http://science.ScienceMag.org/content/early/2017/03/22/science.aal3327.full Works on human too, w. promise for #SVs
De novo assembly of the Aedes aegypti genome using Hi-C yields chromosome-length scaffolds
Olga Dudchenko1,2,3,4,
Sanjit S. Batra1,2,3,*,
Arina D. Omer1,2,3,*,
Sarah K. Nyquist1,3,
Marie Hoeger1,3,
Neva C. Durand1,2,3,
Muhammad S. Shamim1,2,3,
Ido Machol1,2,3,
Eric S. Lander5,6,7,
Aviva Presser Aiden1,2,8,9,
Erez Lieberman Aiden1,2,3,4,5,†
Science 23 Mar 2017:
eaal3327
DOI: 10.1126/science.aal3327
on whole genome assembly from Hi-C reads. There is also some info on chromosomal rearrangement from Hi-C.
Inferring chromatin-bound protein complexes from genome-wide binding assays – Genome Research
February 26, 2017Inferring [w. NMF] chromatin-bound protein complexes [of TFs] from [ENCODE ChIP-seq] binding assays, by @ElementoLab
http://genome.cshlp.org/content/23/8/1295.full
Giannopoulou E, Elemento O. 2013. Inferring chromatin-bound
protein complexes from genome-wide binding assays. Genome Research, Published in Advance April 3, 2013, doi: 10.1101/gr.149419.112.
This study uses nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) of ENCODE CHIP-seq data (transcription
factors and histone modifications) to predict complexes of
transcription factors that bind DNA
together; it then assesses how these predicted complexes regulate gene expression. It goes beyond
previous studies in that it attempts to treat the TFs as complexes rather than individuals. A handful of
the predicted complexes correspond to known regulatory complexes, e.g. PRC2, and overall, the
complexes were enriched for known protein-protein interactions. Linear regression and random forest
models were then used to predict the effects of the complexes on the expression of adjacent genes. In
both models, the complexes performed better than those predicted from a scrambled TF read count
matrix. Overall, this study provides a large set of hypotheses for combinations of TFs that may
function together, as well as potential new components of known complexes.
The dark side of the human genome : Nature : Nature Research
November 27, 2016Dark side of the..genome
http://www.Nature.com/nature/journal/v538/n7624/full/538275a.html QT: NextGen..has been..the tech engine of #ENCODE..but..hi-res livecell imaging [is coming]
Has figure from Khurana et al. Nat. Rev. Genet. (’16)
QT:{{”
“Next-generation sequencing has been — and still is — the
technological engine of ENCODE. But looking ahead, researchers might be able to roll out high-resolution live-cell imaging on a large scale to watch the state of the genome change in real time using specific markers. This technology could be disruptive. “If we had a better microscope, we wouldn’t be sequencing anymore,” says
Stamatoyannopoulos”
“}}
Species-Specific | The Scientist Magazine(R)
September 6, 2015Scientists uncover striking differences between mouse and human gene expression across a variety of tissues.
By Jyoti Madhusoodanan | November 17, 2014
http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/41453/title/Species-Specific/
QT:{{”
The results “go a little against the grain,” said bioinformatician Mark Gerstein of Yale University who was not involved in the study. “We might think that humans and mice are very similar [genetically], but when we compare their transcriptomes, they’re more different than we thought.”
“}}
Single-cell chromatin accessibility reveals principles of regulatory variation : Nature : Nature Publishing Group
August 28, 2015#SingleCell chromatin accessibility
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v523/n7561/full/nature14590.html >1.6k ATAC-seq expts; many on @ENCODE_NIH cell lines H1, GM12878 & K562
PLOS Genetics: 8.2% of the Human Genome Is Constrained: Variation in Rates of Turnover across Functional Element Classes in the Human Lineage
August 2, 2015QT:{{”
While enriched with ENCODE biochemical annotations, much of the short-lived constrained sequences we identify are not detected by models optimized for wider pan-mammalian conservation. Constrained DNase 1 hypersensitivity sites, promoters and untranslated regions have been more evolutionarily stable than long noncoding RNA loci which have turned over especially rapidly. By contrast, protein coding sequence has been highly stable, with an estimated half-life of over a billion years (d1/2 = 2.1–5.0). From extrapolations we estimate that 8.2% (7.1–9.2%) of the human genome is presently subject to negative selection and thus is likely to be functional, while only 2.2% has maintained constraint in both human and mouse since these species diverged.
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http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004525
Inferring gene regulatory logic from high-throughput measurements of thousands of systematically designed promoters : Nature Biotechnology : Nature Publishing Group
June 10, 2015Segal cites: Measurements of 1000s of…designed promoters
http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v30/n6/full/nbt.2205.html Num. binding sites correlated w/ expr., for 1st few #ICSG2015
