https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Wald
survivorship bias
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Abraham Wald – Wikipedia
December 23, 2025HARKing: hypothesizing after the results are known – PubMed
December 23, 2025Under Pressure: Blaise Pascal, the Barometer and Bike Tires | NIST
December 23, 2025simplified version of the diffusion equation just as l^2 = d t – Google Search
December 23, 2025QT:{{”
The simplified diffusion equation you’re looking for, linking length (\(L\)) to diffusion (\(D\)) and time (\(t\)), is often represented as a characteristic length squared scaling with diffusivity times time, like \(L^{2}\propto Dt\), or more precisely, the Root Mean Square Displacement (\(\langle x^{2}\rangle \)) is \(2Dt\), showing that diffusion spreads particles proportionally to \(\sqrt{Dt}\), meaning distance (L) scales with \(\sqrt{Dt}\), so \(L\sim \sqrt{Dt}\) or \(L^{2}\sim Dt\). Here’s a breakdown: The Full Equation (1D): \(\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=D\frac{\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}\) (or \(\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=\alpha \frac{\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}\)), where \(u\) is concentration, \(t\) is time, and \(D\) (or \(\alpha \)) is the diffusion coefficient (diffusivity).Your Simplified Idea: \(L=Dt^{2}\) isn’t quite right dimensionally, as \(L\) (length) should relate to \(\sqrt{Dt}\) (length\(/\sqrt{time}\times \sqrt{time}=length\)).The Correct Scaling:Distance (L): A particle’s average distance diffused is proportional to \(\sqrt{Dt}\).Squared Distance (\(\langle x^{2}\rangle \)): The mean squared displacement (how far it spreads, averaged) is directly \(2Dt\).In short: For a characteristic length \(L\), \(L^{2}\propto Dt\). This shows how far things spread over time due to random motion (diffusion).
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Louis Bachelier – Wikipedia
December 23, 2025https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bachelier
diffusion on the stock market
Sous vide – Wikipedia
December 23, 2025physical process of jamming to form solids at 65% – Google Search
December 23, 2025QT:{{”
In physics and materials science, jamming occurs in amorphous systems (like granular materials, foams, or colloids) when their density or packing fraction is increased past a critical point, typically around 64% for frictionless spheres (known as the random close packing limit, \(\phi _{rcp}\approx 0.64\)).
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Young’s modulus | Description, Example, & Facts | Britannica
December 23, 2025The Simple Pantry Fix That Makes Every Salad Taste Better
December 23, 2025https://www.seriouseats.com/salad-vinaigrette-technique-11786636
mustard emulsifier
What Is Pectin and How Can I Cook With It? | Bon Appétit
December 23, 2025https://www.bonappetit.com/story/what-is-pectin
QT:{{”
What is pectin?
Pectin is a naturally occurring thickener and stabilizer, helping jams, jellies, and fruit preserves set. Scientifically speaking, it’s a soluble fiber (a.k.a. a type of polysaccharide) found in the cell walls of most fruits and vegetables. “When heated with sugar and acid, pectin forms a kind of mesh that traps liquid,” says Camilla Wynne, author of Jam Bake. “As it cools, it sets and suspends pieces of fruit.”
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