Fullerene – Wikipedia
December 23, 2025The story of buckyballs | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
December 23, 2025https://www.aaas.org/taxonomy/term/10/story-buckyballs
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Buckminsterfullerene, a sixty carbon soccer ball-shaped molecule, was discovered, named, and its structure deciphered over a ten day period of hectic activity by five scientists at Rice University in 1985. Three of these, Harry Kroto, Richard Smalley and Robert Curl, shared a Nobel Prize for its discovery in 1996. The story of the “buckyball” is an illustration of Louis Pasteur’s famous observation that chance favors the prepared mind.
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Han van Meegeren – Wikipedia
December 23, 2025https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_van_Meegeren
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Henricus Antonius “Han” van Meegeren (Dutch pronunciation: [ɦɛnˈrikʏs ɑnˈtoːnijəs ˈɦɑɱ vɑ ˈmeːɣərə(n)]; 10 October 1889 – 30 December 1947) was a Dutch painter and portraitist, considered one of the most ingenious art forgers of the 20th century.[1] Van Meegeren became a national hero after World War II when it was revealed that he had sold a forged painting to Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.
Van Meegeren attempted to make a career as an artist, but art critics dismissed his work. He decided to prove his talent by forging paintings from the Dutch Golden Age. Leading experts of the time accepted his paintings as genuine 17th-century works, including art collector Abraham Bredius.
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Abraham Wald – Wikipedia
December 23, 2025https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Wald
survivorship bias
HARKing: hypothesizing after the results are known – PubMed
December 23, 2025Under Pressure: Blaise Pascal, the Barometer and Bike Tires | NIST
December 23, 2025simplified version of the diffusion equation just as l^2 = d t – Google Search
December 23, 2025QT:{{”
The simplified diffusion equation you’re looking for, linking length (\(L\)) to diffusion (\(D\)) and time (\(t\)), is often represented as a characteristic length squared scaling with diffusivity times time, like \(L^{2}\propto Dt\), or more precisely, the Root Mean Square Displacement (\(\langle x^{2}\rangle \)) is \(2Dt\), showing that diffusion spreads particles proportionally to \(\sqrt{Dt}\), meaning distance (L) scales with \(\sqrt{Dt}\), so \(L\sim \sqrt{Dt}\) or \(L^{2}\sim Dt\). Here’s a breakdown: The Full Equation (1D): \(\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=D\frac{\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}\) (or \(\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=\alpha \frac{\partial ^{2}u}{\partial x^{2}}\)), where \(u\) is concentration, \(t\) is time, and \(D\) (or \(\alpha \)) is the diffusion coefficient (diffusivity).Your Simplified Idea: \(L=Dt^{2}\) isn’t quite right dimensionally, as \(L\) (length) should relate to \(\sqrt{Dt}\) (length\(/\sqrt{time}\times \sqrt{time}=length\)).The Correct Scaling:Distance (L): A particle’s average distance diffused is proportional to \(\sqrt{Dt}\).Squared Distance (\(\langle x^{2}\rangle \)): The mean squared displacement (how far it spreads, averaged) is directly \(2Dt\).In short: For a characteristic length \(L\), \(L^{2}\propto Dt\). This shows how far things spread over time due to random motion (diffusion).
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Louis Bachelier – Wikipedia
December 23, 2025https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bachelier
diffusion on the stock market
physical process of jamming to form solids at 65% – Google Search
December 23, 2025QT:{{”
In physics and materials science, jamming occurs in amorphous systems (like granular materials, foams, or colloids) when their density or packing fraction is increased past a critical point, typically around 64% for frictionless spheres (known as the random close packing limit, \(\phi _{rcp}\approx 0.64\)).
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