https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polsby%E2%80%93Popper_test#cite_note-3 QT:{{”
The Polsby–Popper test is a mathematical compactness measure of a shape developed to quantify the degree of gerrymandering of political districts. The method was developed by lawyers Daniel D. Polsby and Robert Popper,[1] though it had earlier been introduced in the field of paleontology by E.P. Cox.[2]
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4*Pi*A/P^2