https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_equipoise
useful in relation to biological data
Archive for the '–' Category
Clinical equipoise – Wikipedia
January 31, 2026precision medicine vs rct – Google Search
January 31, 2026https://www.google.com/search?q=precision+medicine+vs+rct&oq=precision+medicine+vs+rct&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigATIHCAMQIRigATIHCAQQIRigATIHCAUQIRigATIHCAYQIRiPAtIBCDU5NTZqMGo0qAIAsAIB8QUFK9wJ1xu5wQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 QT:{{” Precision medicine tailors treatments to individual
genetic/molecular profiles, while Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) determine average treatment effects across large, diverse populations. While RCTs are the “gold standard” for evidence-based medicine, they often fail to account for the unique, individualized nature of precision medicine. Precision medicine faces challenges in RCT validation due to small, rare patient subgroups and high costs. “}}
modens ponens modus tolens with arrows – Google Search
January 31, 2026Modus ponens and modus tollens are valid deductive inference rules in logic, often represented with arrows (
→right arrow
→ for “if…then” and
∴∴
∴ for “therefore”). Modus ponens affirms the antecedent (
P→Q,P,∴Qcap P right arrow cap Q comma cap P comma ∴ cap Q
𝑃→𝑄,𝑃,∴𝑄), while modus tollens denies the consequent (
P→Q,¬Q,∴¬Pcap P right arrow cap Q comma logical not cap Q comma ∴ logical not cap P
𝑃→𝑄,¬𝑄,∴¬𝑃).
Modus Ponens (Method of Affirming)
Structure:
If
Pcap P
𝑃, then
Qcap Q
𝑄 (
P→Qcap P right arrow cap Q
𝑃→𝑄)
Pcap P
𝑃
∴Q∴ cap Q
∴𝑄
Example: If it rains (
Pcap P
𝑃), then the ground is wet (
Qcap Q
𝑄). It is raining (
Pcap P
𝑃). Therefore, the ground is wet (
Qcap Q
𝑄).
Modus Tollens (Method of Denying)
Structure:
If
Pcap P
𝑃, then
Qcap Q
𝑄 (
P→Qcap P right arrow cap Q
𝑃→𝑄)
Not
Qcap Q
𝑄 (
¬Qlogical not cap Q
¬𝑄)
∴∴
∴ Not
Pcap P
𝑃 (
¬Plogical not cap P
¬𝑃)
Example: If it rains (
Pcap P
𝑃), then the ground is wet (
Qcap Q
𝑄). The ground is not wet (
¬Qlogical not cap Q
¬𝑄). Therefore, it is not raining (
¬Plogical not cap P
¬𝑃).
“}}
Is the Dictionary Done For? | The New Yorker
January 31, 2026Possible collaborative studies
January 31, 2026Leslie, M. (2025, April 17). Could blocking ‘jumping genes’ help fight disease and aging? Science | AAAS.
https://www.science.org/content/article/blocking-jumping-genes-help-fight-disease-aging
NYTimes: How to Make Your Landlord Enforce the Noise Rules
January 31, 2026Cocktail Bar in Midtown Manhattan | Midtown Bar NYC | Four Seasons
January 31, 2026https://www.fourseasons.com/newyork/dining/lounges/ty_bar/
closes at 1030 in Jan & Feb
Exclusive: Have scientists found Leonardo da Vinci’s DNA? | Science | AAAS
January 31, 2026https://www.science.org/content/article/have-scientists-found-leonardo-da-vinci-s-dna
QT:{{”
The hunt for Leonardo’s DNA has been a high-profile proving ground for “arteomics,” an emerging field that could transform how the art world authenticates and protects its most precious objects (see sidebar, below). Today, authorship decisions hinge on expert opinion on, for example, how a brushstroke was made. “Connoisseurship is still what counts,” says LDVP chair Jesse Ausubel, an environmental scientist at Rockefeller University who previously led a major project to census the diversity of marine life.
…
Moonlight shimmers strangely in the landscape paintings of Ralph Albert Blakelock.
…
When Andrew Miranker peers at a Blakelock canvas, he sees more than brushwork and varnish. He sees a molecular archive. “Paint is a recording device,” says Miranker, a biophysicist at Yale University. As oil paint slowly cures, it traps fragments of DNA—human, animal, microbial—along with the dust and air of a studio. By interrogating vanishingly small samples of the strata on supposed Blakelock canvases, Miranker’s team hopes to uncover clues to whether they were done by the artist himself or a clever forger.
“}}
Can AI be superhuman? Flaws in top gaming bot cast doubt
January 31, 2026https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02218-7
QT:{{”
In Go, two players take turns placing black and white stones on a grid to surround and capture the other player’s stones. In 2022,
researchers reported training adversarial AI bots to defeat KataGo2, the best open-source Go-playing AI system, which typically beats the best humans handily (and handlessly). Their bots found exploits that regularly beat KataGo, even though the bots were otherwise not very good — human amateurs could beat them. What’s more, humans could understand the bots’ tricks and adopt them to beat KataGo.
“}}
If A.I. Can Diagnose Patients, What Are Doctors For?
January 30, 2026QT:{{”
On a recent rotation, his professors asked his class to work through a case using A.I. tools such as ChatGPT and OpenEvidence, an
increasingly popular medical L.L.M. that provides free access to health-care professionals.
“}}
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