Archive for the 'PopSci' Category

Remembering, as an Extreme Sport – NYTimes.com

November 10, 2014

Remembering, as an Extreme Sport http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/remembering-as-an-extreme-sport Pharma sponsored competition emphasizes use of "memory palaces" for organizing facts

QT:{{
The technique the competitors use is no mystery.

People have been performing feats of memory for ages, scrolling out pi
to hundreds of digits, or phenomenally long verses, or word pairs.
Most store the studied material in a so-called memory palace,
associating the numbers, words or cards with specific images they have
already memorized; then they mentally place the associated pairs in a
familiar location, like the rooms of a childhood home or the stops on
a subway line.

The Greek poet Simonides of Ceos is credited with first describing the
method, in the fifth century B.C., and it has been vividly described
in popular books, most recently “Moonwalking With Einstein,” by Joshua
Foer.

Each competitor has his or her own variation. “When I see the eight of
diamonds and the queen of spades, I picture a toilet, and my friend
Guy Plowman,” said Ben Pridmore, 37, an accountant in Derby, England,
and a former champion. “Then I put those pictures on High Street in
Cambridge, which is a street I know very well.”

"}}

Wonder stuff: Seven new materials to change the world – New Scientist

October 31, 2014

7 new materials to change the world http://www.newscientist.com/special/future-stuff #Chitin-based shrilk biodegradable plastic, Frozen-smoke #aerogel insulation

Candy Crush’s Puzzling Mathematics » American Scientist

October 26, 2014

Candy Crush’s Puzzling #Mathematics http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/id.16278,y.2014,no.6,content.true,page.1,css.print/issue.aspx Game reducible to a NP-hard logic circuit; maybe useful in solving other problems

QT:{{"
To show that Candy Crush is a mathematically hard problem, we could
reduce to it from any problem in NP. To make life simple, my
colleagues and I started from the granddaddy of all problems in NP,
finding a solution to a logical formula. This is called the
satisfiability problem. You will have solved such a problem if you
ever tackled a logic puzzle. You have to decide which propositions to
make true, and which to make false, to satisfy some set of logical
formulae: The Englishman lives in the red house. The Spaniard owns the
dog. The Norwegian lives next to the blue house. Should the
proposition that the Spaniard owns the zebra be made true or false?

To reduce a logic puzzle to a Candy Crush problem, we exploit the
close connection between logic and electrical circuits. Any logical
formula can simply be represented with an electrical circuit.
Computers are, after all, just a large collection of logic gates—ANDs,
ORs, and NOTs—with wires connecting them together. So all we need to
do is show that you could build an electrical circuit in a Candy Crush
game.

The idea of problem reduction offers an intriguing possibility for
Candy Crush addicts. Perhaps we can profit from the millions of hours
humans spend solving Candy Crush problems? By exploiting the idea of a
problem reduction, we could conceal some practical computational
problems within these puzzles. Other computational problems benefit
from such interactions: Every time you prove to a website that you’re
a person and not a bot by solving a CAPTCHA (one of those ubiquitous
distorted images of a word or number that you have to type in) the
answer helps Google digitize old books and newspapers. Perhaps we
should put Candy Crush puzzles to similar good uses.

"}}

Fighting a One-of-a-Kind Disease

October 24, 2014

http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/07/21/one-of-a-kind-2

The go-between: Life’s unexpected messenger – life – 15 September 2014 – New Scientist

October 3, 2014

The go-between: Life’s unexpected
messengerhttp://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329860.400-the-gobetween-lifes-unexpected-messenger.html Overview connecting many flavors of #RNA – ie RNAi, siRNA, miRNA & @exRNA

Some bits unclear though – in relation to boundaries betw. siRNA & exRNA

QT:{{”

The RNA in cells is far more mobile than we thought (Image: Renaud Vigourt)

Far from staying put, RNA – the less famous cousin of DNA – can roam far afield, carrying information to other cells in the body and even to other animals

UNDER the soil of the cornfield, the rootworm larvae emerge from their eggs and crawl in search of roots to munch on. But their mother chose the wrong field to lay her eggs in. There’s something special about the maize here – it’s armed with a smart weapon designed to target the rootworms.

As the larvae feed, this weapon is released from the plant and enters their gut cells. There it halts production of a vital protein by blocking one specific gene. In the hours that follow, this “gene silencing” weapon spreads to other cells in the larvae’s bodies. At first there is no …

“}}

Not a nutty idea

October 3, 2014

Not a nutty idea
http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21595404-it-may-be-possible-reduce-sensitivity-those-allergic-peanuts-not Eating a small amount of peanuts desensitizes one to a severe #allergy. #Health & #Diet

Century After Extinction, Passenger Pigeons Remain Iconic—And Scientists Hope to Bring Them Back

September 20, 2014

Century After #Extinction, Passenger #Pigeons Remain Iconic http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/08/140831-passenger-pigeon-martha-deextinction-dna-animals-species Incredible decline due to humans, from a billion to zero

Tiny, Vast Windows Into Human DNA – NYTimes.com

September 6, 2014

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/02/science/human-fly-worm-dna.html

Expanding ENCODE | The Scientist Magazine(R)

August 31, 2014

http://www.the-scientist.com//?articles.view/articleNo/40891/title/Expanding-ENCODE

Master of Missing Elements » American Scientist

August 23, 2014

Master of Missing #Elements, Moseley
http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2014/5/master-of-missing-elements Xray spectra show charge not mass orders periodic table, fixing K-Ar reversal