linkstream2 microblog

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/units-of-measurement/

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What are the 7 fundamental units?
The SI system, also called the metric system, is used around the world. There are seven basic units in the SI system: the meter (m), the kilogram (kg), the second (s), the kelvin (K), the ampere (A), the mole (mol), and the candela (cd).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley

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William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American physicist and inventor. Shockley was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for “their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistoreffect”.

As a result of Shockley’s attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s, California’s “Silicon Valley” became a hotbed of electronics innovation. In his later life, Shockley was a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University and became a proponent of eugenics.[1][2]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Hoerni

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At Fairchild, Hoerni invented the planar process,[3][4]which was critical in the invention of Silicon Integrated circuit by Robert Noyce.[5] With Noyce, Jack Kilby from Texas Instruments is usually credited with the invention of the integrated circuit, but Kilby’s IC was based on Germanium.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention_of_the_integrated_circuit
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The idea of integrating electronic circuits into a single device was born when the German physicist and engineer Werner Jacobi [de] developed and patented the first known integrated transistor amplifier in 1949 and the British radio engineer Geoffrey Dummer proposed to integrate a variety of standard electronic components in a monolithic semiconductor crystal in 1952. A year later, Harwick Johnson filed a patent for a prototype integrated circuit (IC).

These ideas could not be implemented by the industry in the early 1950s, but a breakthrough came in late 1958. Three people from three U.S. companies solved three fundamental problems that hindered the production of integrated circuits. Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments patented the principle of integration, created the first prototype ICs and commercialized them. Kurt Lehovec of Sprague Electric Company invented a way to electrically isolate components on a semiconductor crystal. Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor invented a way to connect the IC components (aluminium metallization) and proposed an improved version of insulation based on the planar technology by Jean Hoerni. On September 27, 1960, using the ideas of Noyce and Hoerni, a group of Jay Last’s at Fairchild Semiconductor created the first operational semiconductor IC. Texas Instruments, which held the patent for Kilby’s invention, started a patent war, which was settled in 1966 by the agreement on cross-licensing.
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https://www.jhuapl.edu/PressRelease/gps
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Richard B. Kershner, APL’s first Space Department Head, was inducted posthumously into the Hall of Fame for his role in developing satellite navigation science and technology ultimately used by GPS. “}}

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leica_Camera
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The company was founded by Ernst Leitz in 1914. The name Leica is derived from the first three letters of his surname (Leitz) and the first two of the word camera: lei-ca.
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https://aerospaceengineeringblog.com/turbine-cooling/

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A rule of thumb is that the blade life is halved (for a specific blade material and cooling technology) for each 10°C rise in temperature of the metal [1]. The TET has risen from about 1050K in 1944 to about 1750 in the 1994 Rolls-Royce Trent engine. This is partially due to the use of better materials such as Inconel and single-crystal metals with better creep and fatigue properties. However there is a bound to this solution since these nickel-based alloys are typically quite heavy, leading to an increase in centrifugal stresses at the root. Therefore more important in this development has been the technology of channelling of cold compressor air to cool the turbine blades. Using these advanced cooling techniques has allowed engineers to increase the TET beyond the melting point of the blade materials. “}}