linkstream2 microblog

https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Epistasis#:~:text=Epistasis%20is%20a%20circumstance%20where,one%20or%20more%20other%20genes. QT:{{”
Epistasis is a circumstance where the expression of one gene is modified (e.g., masked, inhibited or suppressed) by the expression of one or more other genes. “}}

https://www.edge.org/response-detail/27082
QT:{{” Toss a mouse from a building. It will land, shake itself off and scamper away. But if similarly dropped, “… a rat is killed, a man is broken, a horse splashes.” So wrote J.B.S. Haldane in his 1926 essay “On Being the Right Size.” Size matters, but not in the way a city-stomping Godzilla or King Kong might hope.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace
QT:{{” From 1832, when she was seventeen, her mathematical abilities began to emerge,[23] and her interest in mathematics dominated the majority of her adult life.[39] Her mother’s obsession with rooting out any of the insanity of which she accused Byron was one of the reasons that Ada was taught mathematics from an early age. She was privately educated in mathematics and science by William Frend, William King,[a] and Mary Somerville, the noted 19th-century researcher and scientific author. In the 1840s, the mathematician Augustus De Morgan extended her “much help in her mathematical studies” including study of advanced calculus topics including the “numbers of Bernoulli” (that formed her celebrated algorithm for Babbage’s Analytical Engine).[40] In a letter to Lady Byron, De Morgan suggested that Ada’s skill in mathematics might lead her to become “an original mathematical investigator, perhaps of first-rate
eminence”.[41] “}}

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_moonlighting
QT:{{”
Histone H3 – DNA packaging – Copper reductase
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37968396/
QT:{{”
…most yeast proteins interact with at least sixteen others. The highly organised yeast interactome includes 3,927 proteins linked by 31,004 interactions….Much like human social networks (such as Facebook), the average shortest path between any two proteins in yeast involves just four interactions. So while most protein ‘nodes’ are not directly connected, there is on average just four degrees of separation between them. This organisation, characterised by local clustering and relatively short average path lengths between nodes, is known as a small-world network.
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from WOOLFSON et al. (’26)

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25624494/
QT:{{” Using a biophysical and evolutionary model, we show how these protein traits can emerge as evolutionary “spandrels” even if they do not confer an intrinsic fitness advantage. In particular, proteins can evolve strong binding interactions that have no functional role but merely serve to stabilize the protein if its misfolding is
deleterious. Furthermore, such proteins may have divergent fates, evolving to bind or not bind their targets depending on random mutational events. These observations may explain the abundance of apparently nonfunctional interactions among proteins observed in high-throughput assays “}}

https://www.google.com/search?q=do+IDRs+in+protein+tend+to+be+multifunctional&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1047US1048&oq=do+IDRs+in+protein+tend+to+be+multifunctional&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigATIHCAMQIRigATIHCAQQIRiPAtIBCjExMTAyMWowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 QT:{{” Yes, Intrinsically Disordered Regions (IDRs) in proteins are indeed highly multifunctional, acting as flexible hubs that bind diverse partners, integrate signals, and facilitate complex assembly, offering unique advantages over structured proteins through
context-dependent interactions and phase separation. Their flexibility allows them to adopt multiple conformations (a dynamic ensemble), enabling a single IDR to perform various roles like scaffolding, allosteric regulation, and participation in cellular condensates (LLPS). “}}

https://www.google.com/search?q=the+discover+of+refactoring+code+in+1990s&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1047US1048&oq=the+discover+of+refactoring+code+in+1990s&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQIRgKGKABMgkIAhAhGAoYoAEyCQgDECEYChigATIJCAQQIRgKGKABMgkIBRAhGAoYoAHSAQkxMDIzMWowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 QT:{{” Refactoring code wasn’t “discovered” in the 1990s but was formally defined and popularized then, with Bill Opdyke and Ralph Johnson coining the term in 1990 and Opdyke’s 1992 dissertation detailing it for OO systems; later, Martin Fowler’s 1999 book, Refactoring, solidified the practice, linking it with Extreme Programming (XP) and automated tools for cleaner, more maintainable code. “}}

https://www.google.com/search?q=technical+debt+related+to+code+refactoring&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1047US1048&oq=technical+debt+related+to+code+refactoring&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCTEwNTcxajBqN6gCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
QT:{{”
Technical debt related to code refactoring involves the extra work and slowdowns from taking shortcuts (like quick fixes or outdated designs) for faster delivery, with refactoring being the process of paying back this “debt” by restructuring code without changing behavior to improve quality, maintainability, and speed, often scheduled as a percentage of sprint time or addressed strategically when debt becomes
unmanageable
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https://www.google.com/search?q=can+a+mouse+be+dropped+1000+feet+without+dying&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1047US1048&oq=can+a+mouse+be+dropped+1000+feet+without+dying&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigATIHCAMQIRigATIHCAQQIRigATIHCAUQIRigATIHCAYQIRifBTIHCAcQIRifBTIHCAgQIRifBTIHCAkQIRifBdIBCDk0MDJqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

QT:{{”
Yes, a mouse can likely survive a 1000-foot fall because its small size and low mass give it a low terminal velocity, meaning it doesn’t fall fast enough to be fatally injured, much like other tiny creatures; the air resistance is relatively high compared to its weight, allowing it to hit the ground with a gentle thud rather than a hard impact, though landing on a soft surface helps.
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