linkstream2 microblog

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37968396/
QT:{{”
…most yeast proteins interact with at least sixteen others. The highly organised yeast interactome includes 3,927 proteins linked by 31,004 interactions….Much like human social networks (such as Facebook), the average shortest path between any two proteins in yeast involves just four interactions. So while most protein ‘nodes’ are not directly connected, there is on average just four degrees of separation between them. This organisation, characterised by local clustering and relatively short average path lengths between nodes, is known as a small-world network.
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from WOOLFSON et al. (’26)

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25624494/
QT:{{” Using a biophysical and evolutionary model, we show how these protein traits can emerge as evolutionary “spandrels” even if they do not confer an intrinsic fitness advantage. In particular, proteins can evolve strong binding interactions that have no functional role but merely serve to stabilize the protein if its misfolding is
deleterious. Furthermore, such proteins may have divergent fates, evolving to bind or not bind their targets depending on random mutational events. These observations may explain the abundance of apparently nonfunctional interactions among proteins observed in high-throughput assays “}}

https://www.google.com/search?q=do+IDRs+in+protein+tend+to+be+multifunctional&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1047US1048&oq=do+IDRs+in+protein+tend+to+be+multifunctional&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigATIHCAMQIRigATIHCAQQIRiPAtIBCjExMTAyMWowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 QT:{{” Yes, Intrinsically Disordered Regions (IDRs) in proteins are indeed highly multifunctional, acting as flexible hubs that bind diverse partners, integrate signals, and facilitate complex assembly, offering unique advantages over structured proteins through
context-dependent interactions and phase separation. Their flexibility allows them to adopt multiple conformations (a dynamic ensemble), enabling a single IDR to perform various roles like scaffolding, allosteric regulation, and participation in cellular condensates (LLPS). “}}

https://www.google.com/search?q=the+discover+of+refactoring+code+in+1990s&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1047US1048&oq=the+discover+of+refactoring+code+in+1990s&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQIRgKGKABMgkIAhAhGAoYoAEyCQgDECEYChigATIJCAQQIRgKGKABMgkIBRAhGAoYoAHSAQkxMDIzMWowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 QT:{{” Refactoring code wasn’t “discovered” in the 1990s but was formally defined and popularized then, with Bill Opdyke and Ralph Johnson coining the term in 1990 and Opdyke’s 1992 dissertation detailing it for OO systems; later, Martin Fowler’s 1999 book, Refactoring, solidified the practice, linking it with Extreme Programming (XP) and automated tools for cleaner, more maintainable code. “}}

https://www.google.com/search?q=technical+debt+related+to+code+refactoring&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1047US1048&oq=technical+debt+related+to+code+refactoring&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCTEwNTcxajBqN6gCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
QT:{{”
Technical debt related to code refactoring involves the extra work and slowdowns from taking shortcuts (like quick fixes or outdated designs) for faster delivery, with refactoring being the process of paying back this “debt” by restructuring code without changing behavior to improve quality, maintainability, and speed, often scheduled as a percentage of sprint time or addressed strategically when debt becomes
unmanageable
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https://www.google.com/search?q=can+a+mouse+be+dropped+1000+feet+without+dying&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS1047US1048&oq=can+a+mouse+be+dropped+1000+feet+without+dying&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRigATIHCAIQIRigATIHCAMQIRigATIHCAQQIRigATIHCAUQIRigATIHCAYQIRifBTIHCAcQIRifBTIHCAgQIRifBTIHCAkQIRifBdIBCDk0MDJqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

QT:{{”
Yes, a mouse can likely survive a 1000-foot fall because its small size and low mass give it a low terminal velocity, meaning it doesn’t fall fast enough to be fatally injured, much like other tiny creatures; the air resistance is relatively high compared to its weight, allowing it to hit the ground with a gentle thud rather than a hard impact, though landing on a soft surface helps.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana

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During his tenure at this university, he completed the work that led to sharing the Nobel Prize in 1968. The Nobel web site states that it was “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”. Har Gobind Khorana’s role is stated as follows: he “made important contributions to this field by building different RNA chains with the help of enzymes. Using these enzymes, he was able to produce proteins. ….

Their Nobel lecture was delivered on 12 December 1968.[24] Khorana was the first scientist to chemically synthesize oligonucleotides.[25] This achievement, in the 1970s, was also the world’s first synthetic gene; in later years, the process has become widespread.[22] Subsequent scientists referred to his research while advancing genome editing with the CRISPR/Cas9 system.[21]

After years of work, he was the first in the world to complete the total synthesis of a functional gene outside a living organism in 1972.[10] He did this by extending the above to long DNA polymers using non-aqueous chemistry and assembled these into the first synthetic gene, using polymerase and ligase enzymes that link pieces of DNA together,[25] as well as methods that anticipated the invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).[26]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Todd

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By 1951, Todd and collaborators at Cambridge had determined by biochemical methods how the backbone of DNA is structured via the successive linking of carbon atoms 3 and 5 of the sugar to phosphates. This helped corroborate Francis Crick and James_Watson’s X-ray structural work published in 1953.[11][12]: 94 [13]: 7–8
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Garden_of_Forking_Paths

QT:{{”
“The Garden of Forking Paths” (original Spanish title: “El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan”) is a 1941 short story by Argentine writer and poet Jorge Luis Borges. ….
The story’s theme has been said to foreshadow the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.[1][2] I
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